Latest Articles from Neotropical Biology and Conservation Latest 26 Articles from Neotropical Biology and Conservation https://neotropical.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 17:56:35 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://neotropical.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Neotropical Biology and Conservation https://neotropical.pensoft.net/ Habitat variety and behaviour of the Sanderling (Calidris alba) in an urban neotropical coastal wetland https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/115562/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19(1): 1-15

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.19.e115562

Authors: Daniel Barona, Jorge Podestá

Abstract: Sanderling Calidris alba is a migratory coastal bird species whose populations are affected by climatic and anthropogenic issues. Additionally, its behavioural patterns depend on habitat variety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in the frequency and duration of C. alba behaviour in relation to habitat variety in a Peruvian coastal wetland. Based on types of behaviour recorded in a previous study of C. alba during August and September 2019 at low, mid and high tide periods in three habitats of the Coastal Wetland Poza La Arenilla (HCPA) (La Punta, Callao, Peru), differences and diversity in the frequencies and durations of such behaviour between habitats were assessed according to tide condition. Additionally, a correlation analysis between the duration and frequency of behaviour for each habitat according to tide condition was conducted. General differences in behaviour (frequency and duration) between habitats were found, although there was a high similarity of behaviour between areas particularly when mid- and high tide levels were present. The greatest diversity of behaviour, both in frequency and duration, was observed generally during mid-tide conditions in rocky habitats. In most cases, there was a high correlation between the frequency and duration of behaviour for habitats according to tide condition. It is concluded that mid-tide conditions are associated with greater availability of soft substrates, favouring a wide variety of types of behaviour for C. alba, including behaviour related to foraging and locomotion.

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Short Communication Wed, 27 Mar 2024 08:08:32 +0200
The Trichoptera of Panama. XXVI. Status of the genus Protoptila (Trichoptera, Glossosomatidae) https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/111801/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 18(4): 251-258

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e111801

Authors: Roger J. Blahnik, Yusseff P. Aguirre, Brian J. Armitage

Abstract: The caddisfly genus Protoptila (Trichoptera, Glossosomatidae) in Panama is currently represented by 15 species, including four endemic species and 11 species also found in Costa Rica. The shared occurrences of Panamanian species with other countries in the region are minimal. Herein, we describe and illustrate a new species, Protoptila harrisi sp. nov., and add one new country record, Protoptila bribri Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006. These additions are the result of several projects conducted by the Aquatic Invertebrate Research Group at the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí. The Republic of Panama now has 17 species of Protoptila and 535 species of caddisflies distributed among 15 families and 56 genera.

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Research Article Thu, 5 Oct 2023 19:12:48 +0300
Non-native freshwater fishes in Guatemala, northern Central America: introduction sources, distribution, history, and conservation consequences https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/80062/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 17(1): 59-85

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.17.e80062

Authors: Diego J. Elías, César E. Fuentes-Montejo, Yasmín Quintana, Christian A. Barrientos

Abstract: Non-native freshwater fishes have been introduced to Guatemalan freshwater ecosystems since the beginning of the last century without prior risk assessment or subsequent evaluation of their impacts. We synthesized historical records, and distributional data from a literature review, online databases and museum records of non-native freshwater fishes in Guatemala. We found records for 22 non-native freshwater fishes with the oldest records dating back to 1926. Non-native freshwater fishes were recorded in 64% of the river sub-basins in Guatemala and we identified that at least 12 species have established populations. The Jaguar guapote (Parachromis managuensis) and Tilapias (Oreochromis spp.) are the most widespread non-native fishes. The species of non-native freshwater fishes introduced indicates that they are human selected (e.g., for farming purposes). Our work shows that aquaculture has been the major driver of introductions in the country, but aquarium release has become an important source in the last 20 years. Given the potential impact of non-native freshwater fishes on native fauna and ecosystems, we highlight an urgent need to assess their ecological effects, as well as to establish a fish fauna monitoring program in Guatemala to detect new introductions. Government and non-governmental agencies should promote the use of native species to supply fish demands in alignment with environmental policies and the objectives of the fishing agency in Guatemala.

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Research Article Mon, 21 Mar 2022 11:33:20 +0200
Seasonal dynamics of waterbirds from a relict wetland in the central Monte Desert, Argentina https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/61672/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(2): 333-349

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.16.e61672

Authors: Ever Tallei, Analía Benavidez, Alejandro Schaaf, Pablo Isola, Marcelo Zanotti

Abstract: Wetlands currently have high rates of degradation, with more than 70% lost globally. In the central Monte Desert, Argentina, they are a scarce and limited resource for the biodiversity which depends on them. Waterbirds have been used as biological indicators of wetlands because they respond to fluctuations in food resources and to environmental changes in the short term. Here we analyse the seasonal variations in the structure of the waterbird assemblage from a relict wetland in this region. We carried out censuses of waterbirds in a 6-year period (between 2009 and 2019) during the southern summer and winter. We recorded 1875 individuals of 33 species of waterbirds during the summer and 677 individuals of 29 species during the winter. The grouping patterns of the waterbird assemblages differed between seasons (R = 0.35; p < 0.01). Taxonomic diversity profiles showed greater diversity for all indexes (qD) during the summer. The guild of invertivorous and omnivorous waders had a greater abundance of individuals during the summer (p < 0.05) and, together with the surface-feeding herbivores, contributed to the 87% of the dissimilarity of the assemblages between seasons. Phoenicopterus chilensis was the only species registered as threatened with national and international extinction. Relict wetlands, such as Laguna del Viborón, still have attributes of community diversity and represent the last refuges for waterbirds of the central Monte Desert. The information gathered in this study will contribute to the guidelines for integrated management plans and monitoring programmes for the conservation of the wetland and its biodiversity.

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Research Article Thu, 20 May 2021 13:14:54 +0300
Gauchergasilus euripedesi (Copepoda, Ergasilidae) parasitizing different species of fish from two environments in southern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/64668/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(2): 289-298

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.16.e64668

Authors: Moisés Gallas, Laura R. P. Utz

Abstract: The parasitic copepod Gauchergasilus euripedesi (Montú, 1980) Montú & Boxshall, 2002 was described from plankton samples and specimens found in four fish species from the estuarine area of Patos Lagoon, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Later, one different fish species was reported parasitized with G. euripedesi in the same locality. Species of Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 (Astyanax henseli Melo & Buckup, 2006 and Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)) and Psalidodon Eigenmann, 1911 (Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894) and Psalidodon aff. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)) were collected in two environments (Pintada Island, municipality of Porto Alegre and Itapeva Lagoon, municipality of Terra de Areia, RS) to investigate their parasites. The copepods found in the gill arches were counted, processed, mounted in permanent slides, and photographed using light microscopy, or processed for observation in scanning electron microscopy. Specimens of P. eigenmanniorum from Pintada Island, A. lacustris and P. aff. fasciatus from Itapeva Lagoon, were parasitized by G. euripedesi, with prevalences of 29.03% (A. lacustris), 10.34% (P. eigenmanniorum), and 9.68% (P. aff. fasciatus). Measurements obtained for specimens of G. euripedesi were similar to those found in the literature, except for egg sacs which were larger in the specimens examined in the present study. In addition to being the first report of G. euripedesi parasitizing species of fish (A. lacustris, P. eigenmanniorum, and P. aff. fasciatus), the results presented here also extend the known geographic distribution of the copepod species.

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Research Article Wed, 12 May 2021 11:37:12 +0300
Structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in streams of a sub-basin in the Pampa Biome, Southern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/60579/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(2): 249-271

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.16.e60579

Authors: Sirlei Maria Hentges, Tieli Cláudia Menzel, Cristiane Maria Loebens, Samuel Elias Siveris, David Augusto Reynalte-Tataje, Milton Norberto Strieder

Abstract: The Piratinim River is located in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, and represents an important effluent from the Uruguay River, with streams located far from urbanized areas, in conditions similar to those of environmental integrity, but under the influence of agricultural activities. In this study, we aim at investigating the structure of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in streams of the Piratinim river basin by observing both spatial and local scales. The sampling was carried out in six streams distributed in three regions (upper, middle and lower) of the basin, thus exploring its upstream, intermediate and downstream stretches, during spring and autumn. Macroinvertebrates were collected using aquatic dipnets and were identified at the family level; trophic-functional categories were established according to the classification adapted to the state of Paraná. The spatial and temporal variations of the groups and of the biotic attributes (density, richness, diversity and equitability) were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests and a posteriori Dunn’s tests. The abiotic variables were obtained to verify possible influence on the composition of the macroinvertebrate community, evaluated through a Canonical Correspondence Analysis. We sampled 11,564 macroinvertebrate individuals from 72 taxa, and found a predominance of the collector-filter trophic group. Abundance and richness were different between streams; the highest densities were found in the streams located in the upper region of the watershed (Chuní and Itú). The highest taxon richness was found in the lower region of the watershed (Guaracapa stream), and the lowest richness was found in the two streams for the intermediate region (Santana and Ximbocu). Diversity and equitability did not vary; temporal variations were not found. Canonical correspondence analysis explained 31.7% of the data variability. The main environmental variables that influenced macroinvertebrates distribution were temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, altitude and extension of the riparian forest. Seasonality and the longitudinal gradient along the basin represented determining factors for the structure and distribution of the macroinvertebrate community in the tributary streams of the Piratinim River.

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Research Article Wed, 21 Apr 2021 12:02:46 +0300
An update of the amazon prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum) distribution in the low course of the São Francisco river (northeast Brazil) https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/58895/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(1): 105-114

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.16.e58895

Authors: Lucia Vanessa Rocha Santos, Petrônio Alves Coelho Filho

Abstract: The prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum has been considered a successful colonizing species of freshwater environments beyond its native range; however, information on the distribution of the species in rivers in northeastern Brazil is doubtful or incomplete. This study updates the presence of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum in the São Francisco River (northeast Brazil) where eight areas were sampled downstream from the Xingó Hydroelectric Plant (Alagoas/Sergipe) up to the mouth of the river, between April 2014 and February 2016. The specimens were sampled using manual trawls and artisanal traps. Hydrological data were obtained using a multi-parameter probe. Only 258 specimens were found in Piranhas, Pão de Açúcar, and Belo Monte, which are regions far from the mouth of the river. They were found in shallow (3.96 ± 1.01 m), warm (26.15 ± 1.18 °C), and oxygenated fresh waters (5.70 ± 1.14 mg L-1) with low turbidity (71.33 ± 6.43 mg L-1) and slight alkalinity (7.26 ± 0.53), always associated with the aquatic vegetation. The presence of M. amazonicum has not yet been evaluated in relation to possible impacts on local native diversity. Therefore, studies addressing the interaction of this species with native species are necessary to understand whether or not it poses a risk to endemic species.

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Short Communication Fri, 29 Jan 2021 10:18:12 +0200
Current knowledge on biology, fishing and conservation of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/58691/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(1): 71-88

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.16.e58691

Authors: Thaísy Emmanuelle Florentino da Silva, Rosangela Lessa, Francisco Marcante Santana

Abstract: The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a large predator in marine ecosystems, figuring as the most common and abundant species in oceanic fisheries. For this reason, many studies on this species were conducted throughout its entire distribution range. However, no comparison has been made regarding the variability of the aspects addressed herein. Thus, the present study aims at analyzing the available information on P. glauca. This species constitutes between 85 and 90% of the total elasmobranchs caught by oceanic fisheries with pelagic longlines. Growth parameters reveal that individuals in the Atlantic Ocean show the highest asymptotic lengths when compared to those found in other oceans. Females present an average uterine fecundity of 30 embryos. Although it shows a diverse diet, it is mainly composed of teleost fish and cephalopods. Currently, the main threat to the species is commercial fishing, being listed in Brazil and worldwide, according to IUCN as Near Threatened. Regardless, information on crucial aspects, such as its population dynamics, are still scarce or unreliable for many areas. Despite the number of studies regarding its distribution, abundance, and biology, data for new stock assessments of P. glauca are still needed to improve the species’ management.

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Review Article Thu, 21 Jan 2021 14:10:53 +0200
A new record of the exotic Guapote jaguar, Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867) (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) in a tropical coastal lagoon of the Mexican Pacific slope https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/57669/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(4): 479-485

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e57669

Authors: Luis Fernando Del Moral-Flores, Rubén Pintor, Eduardo García-Mercado, Cesar León

Abstract: The presence of Parachromis managuensis has been reported for the first time in the Tres Palos Lagoon, State of Guerrero, on the coastal Lagoon of the Mexican Pacific slope. Two specimens (189 mm and 215 mm standard length) were caught by local fishermen from the community of San Pedro de Las Playas. A description of the morphological and meristic characters of the specimens is provided. The natural distribution of the species is from Honduras to Costa Rica and, as it is predatory and highly territorial, in conjunction with other introduced species, it can present a risk to native species and alter the biological dynamics in the lagoon system.

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Short Communication Wed, 18 Nov 2020 10:21:39 +0200
Main trends and gaps in studies for bird conservation in the Pantanal wetland https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/52905/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(4): 427-445

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e52905

Authors: Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota, Breno Dias Vitorino, Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes, Carolina Joana da Silva

Abstract: Birds are considered one of the most well-known groups of animals in the Pantanal, playing an important ecological role in wetland ecosystems. Our aim was to identify the main themes and gaps in current knowledge of these birds, considering thirty years of scientific research to direct future studies. We performed a scientometric analysis based on five platforms with the search words “Aves” and “Pantanal” as well as “Bird” and “Pantanal”. We identified 145 scientific studies, with themes of ecology (64), conservation (23), health (17), fauna (15), genetics (12), geographic distribution (7), and environmental education (7). The number of publications has increased significantly over the years. However, the focus is predominantly on certain Pantanal regions, such as the municipalities of Corumbá in Mato Grosso do Sul state and Poconé in Mato Grosso state. Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and Mycteria americana are among the species with the largest number of studies in the Pantanal, with 12 and 11 papers, respectively. We highlighted the need for new studies in regions such as the north-west and themes such as threatened species and ecosystem services. Integrated knowledge and interdisciplinary approaches can be useful in strategic decision-making and more effective for bird conservation in wetlands.

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Review Article Fri, 9 Oct 2020 10:18:42 +0300
Biology and fishery of Acoupa Weakfish Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801): a review https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/55563/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(3): 333-349

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e55563

Authors: Cicero Diogo Oliveira, Rosangela Lessa, Zafira Almeida, Francisco Marcante Santana

Abstract: The present study describes the fishery and biology of Acoupa Weakfish Cynoscion acoupa, an important fishery resource in South America. We found and analyzed 31 articles and 10 publications about the species. Cynoscion acoupa is an estuarine marine species, which has a feeding habit with preference for fish and crustaceans. Its spawning occurs during two periods of the year and the size at maturity of females is 40 to 50 cm, while males mature earlier, with 38–40 cm. Their growth is considered slow to moderate, with growth coefficient k ranging from 0.13 to 0.28, and the species can reach up to 15 years of age. C. acoupa is target of commercial and recreational fisheries in estuarine and marine coastal environments, mainly in the northern region of South America. The fisheries occur throughout the year, with different fishing gear, being more frequent with gillnets. In addition, fishing is more frequent on juveniles, which may compromise the stock. This species is categorized as of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, although it has a high degree of vulnerability to fishing, which, combined with overexploitation, shows that C. acoupa should be listed as under threat of extinction to some degree. The lack of studies on the species makes it difficult to establish management measures. Therefore, further studies should be prioritized, especially on reproductive biology, growth and fishing exploitation.

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Review Article Fri, 14 Aug 2020 10:39:51 +0300
An update of the invasive Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858 (Actinopterygii, Loricariidae) in Guatemala: new records and notes on its interactions with the local fauna https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/53020/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(3): 285-300

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e53020

Authors: Carlos A. Gaitán, César E. Fuentes-Montejo, Manolo J. García, Julio C. Romero-Guevara

Abstract: Fishes have been introduced in non-native ecosystems all over the world. These introductions have been recognised for their overall negative effects on native biodiversity. Plecos (Pterygoplichthys Gill, 1858) have been introduced worldwide due to bad practices in the aquarium trade and, in Central America, there is little information regarding these invasive fishes. Plecos have been demonstrated to be a threat in non-native ecosystems because they interfere with their new ecosystems through bottom-up impacts, altering nutrient availability and interactions with native wildlife. Herein, new records of plecos are reported for river basins from Guatemala in northern Central America where they had not previously been reported. Evidence of interactions of plecos with the native fauna that had not been recorded to date are also included. We compiled a total of 34 records in Guatemala, with eight new records. We present the first records of the genus in a river basin of the Caribbean drainage for Guatemala. Three new interactions of fauna preying upon plecos are presented (Black vulture, Bare-throated tiger Heron and Domestic dog), along with a compilation of previously known interactions. Establishing a monitoring and surveillance programme should be a priority in Guatemala, along with other actions to safeguard the native wildlife that could be at high risk because of biological invasions, such as the one with plecos. In order to better understand this invasion, joint efforts of local fishermen and rangers with State institutions should be promoted.

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Research Article Fri, 31 Jul 2020 09:29:02 +0300
Diet and foraging behavior of Ageneiosus inermis (Teleostei, Auchenipteridae) https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/53383/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(3): 209-218

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e53383

Authors: Tiago Magalhães da Silva Freitas, William Oliveira dos Santos, Bruno da Silveira Prudente, Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag

Abstract: Ageneiosus inermis is the largest species of the family Auchenipteridae (Siluriformes) and has a primarily piscivorous diet, although no comprehensive data are available on the habitat use of this species. Given this, the present study describes the diet of A. inermis, and provides inferences on its habitat use, based on the known behavior of its prey species. We analyzed the stomach contents of 14 specimens collected in the middle of Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Pará, which we complemented with data on 47 other specimens obtained from two published studies. Most of the ingested items were fish associated with the bottom substrate and riverbanks. Although A. inermis is considered a pelagic species, we conclude it forages by exploring the river’s bottom and margins. Furthermore, as A. inermis is presumed to be diurnal, we assume that it does not pursue its prey actively, given that most of the prey species are nocturnal, but rather searches actively during the daytime for prey hidden in the bottom substrate. This hypothesis on the feeding strategy of A. inermis can only be confirmed by underwater observations, either in the wild or under captive conditions.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Jul 2020 11:33:51 +0300
Marine gastropods of Accra Beach, Barbados, North Atlantic Ocean https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/49624/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(2): 121-133

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e49624

Authors: Rafael Anaisce das Chagas, Rosana Esther Oliveira da Silva, Cibele Cristina Oeiras Freire, Mara Rúbia Ferreira Barros, Wagner César Rosa Dos Santos, Weverton John Pinheiro dos Santos, Marko Herrmann

Abstract: The widespread occurrence of marine gastropods in coastal regions is a straightforward evidence of successful adaptation to different environments. In the Caribbean Sea, as one of Conservation International’s biodiversity hotspots, little is known about the gastropod fauna, especially in the Eastern Caribbean. The present study contributed to bridge this gap by studying the biodiversity of gastropods from Accra Beach, Barbados. Throughout random collections in September 2015, we collected 321 gastropods, comprising eight species, distributed in three families (Neritidae: Nerita tessellata, N. fulgurans, N. versicolor and N. peloronta; Littorinidae: Echinolittorina ziczac, E. angustior and E. tuberculata; and Muricidae: Plicopurpura patula). Nerites were more abundant and diverse, highlighting N. tessellata, representing 66% of the sampled gastropods. This paper also reports the first record of N. fulgurans and E. angustior for the island of Barbados.

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Short Communication Thu, 21 May 2020 12:18:07 +0300
Métricas de paisagem na avaliação da efetividade de proteção do Parque Estadual da Costa do Sol, uma unidade de conservação fragmentada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/49490/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15(1): 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.15.e49490

Authors: Georg de Oliveira Müller, Luciana Mara Temponi de Oliveira

Abstract: A região de Cabo Frio e seu entorno, no litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, apresenta alta riqueza de espécies vegetais e um grande número de endemismos, o que a torna uma área prioritária para a conservação, sendo conhecida como o Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio (CDVCF). O Parque Estadual da Costa do Sol (PECSol) é a maior Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral da região e foi concebido num modelo descontínuo, com 43 áreas distintas pertencentes a quatro grandes núcleos: Massambaba, Atalaia-Dama Branca, Pau-Brasil e Sapiatiba. Dada a natureza fragmentada do PECSol, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, através de métricas de paisagem, a efetividade do PECSol como elemento protetor da biodiversidade do CDVCF, considerando seus 43 fragmentos como eventuais remanescentes únicos de áreas naturais na região. Os resultados apontaram que os fragmentos do PECSol sofrem forte pressão de atividades antrópicas em sua vizinhança imediata, e estão, de maneira geral, altamente suscetíveis a efeitos de borda. A conectividade entre os fragmentos é em geral baixa, tendo os fragmentos do núcleo Massambaba apresentado os melhores indicadores de disponibilidade de habitat, com valores entre 0,18 e 0,57 num índice que varia de 0 a 1. Nenhum outro fragmento apresentou valor acima de 0,10. Outras quatro grandes áreas naturais da região – a Ilha de Cabo Frio, a porção vegetada da Base Aérea Naval de São Pedro da Aldeia, a área de restinga na Estação Radiogoniométrica da Marinha em Campos Novos e as Dunas do Peró – apresentam grande importância para a disponibilidade de habitat no CDVCF. A inclusão destas áreas no PECSol ou em outra Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral é recomendada.

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Research Article Thu, 6 Feb 2020 10:23:52 +0200
Características reprodutivas de peixes invasores no rio Paranapanema, bacia do alto rio Paraná, sul do Brasil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/49079/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(4): 511-528

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49079

Authors: Diego Azevedo Zoccal Garcia, Ana Paula Vidotto-Magnoni, Mário Luís Orsi

Abstract: Estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva podem fornecer explicações sobre o sucesso na colonização de novas áreas, dado que características biológicas associadas às espécies invasoras podem conferir vantagem na invasão. Objetivamos avaliar variações de características reprodutivas de peixes invasores em lagoas e rios livres de barragens. Foram estudadas populações de Serrasalmus marginatus, Loricariichthys platymetopon, Ossancora eigenmanni, Auchenipterus osteomystax e Trachelyopterus galeatus em habitat lêntico (Lagoas 1 e 2) e lótico (rios Pirapozinho e Anhumas) durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Fêmeas predominaram na maioria das populações (χ2, α < 0,05). Fêmeas de L. platymetopon e T. galeatus apresentaram maior índice gonadossomático durante a estação chuvosa no rio Anhumas e na Lagoa 2, respectivamente (teste de Mann-Whitney, α < 0,05). Populações de S. marginatus, L. platymetopon, O. eigenmanni e T. galeatus apresentaram atividade reprodutiva muito intensa na Lagoa 1. Trachelyopterus galeatus apresentou atividade reprodutiva muito intensa nas duas lagoas e no rio Pirapozinho. Enquanto algumas espécies exibem alto investimento reprodutivo, independentemente do tipo de habitat (T. galeatus), outras podem apresentar variações (S. marginatus e L. platymetopon). Fêmeas em maiores razões sexuais, alto investimento reprodutivo, cuidado parental, fertilização interna e desova parcelada podem ser características que favorecem o estabelecimento na área receptora. Serrasalmus marginatus e L. platymetopon apresentam estratégia de história de vida intermediária Equíbrio/Sazonal e Equilíbrio, respectivamente, enquanto A. osteomystax e T. galeatus apresentam estratégia Sazonal. Por apresentarem indivíduos que se dispersam, sobrevivem e se reproduzem em diferentes tipos de habitat, essas espécies possuem extensa área de ocorrência e invadiram com sucesso a bacia do alto rio Paraná. Portanto, são necessárias ações que controlem as populações e minimizem seus impactos.

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Research Article Wed, 18 Dec 2019 09:43:37 +0200
First report of Rhabdochona acuminata (Nematoda, Rhabdochonidae) in Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Characiformes, Characidae) from Lake Guaíba, southern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/49025/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(4): 479-488

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49025

Authors: Moisés Gallas, Cláudia Calegaro-Marques, Suzana B. Amato

Abstract: Specimens of Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) acuminata (Molin, 1860) were collected in Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) from Lake Guaíba, municipalities of Guaíba (30°08.28'S, 51°18.53'W) and Barra do Ribeiro (30°17.11'S, 51°18.01'W), southern Brazil. In the present study, the prevalence of R. (R.) acuminata was low (1.43%) when compared to other studies performed with Astyanax spp. from Brazil. The specimens of R. (R.) acuminata showed some morphological differences (mainly the deirids) that have not yet been reported for the species. This is the first report of R. (R.) acuminata from Lake Guaíba, filling a gap of occurrence of this nematode in South America.

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Research Article Fri, 13 Dec 2019 09:40:19 +0200
The biggest or the most abundant? Predation of the Black Drum Pogonias cromis (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) on benthic organisms in southern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/48493/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(4): 431-438

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e48493

Authors: Paulo Roberto Santos dos Santos, Beatriz Paiva, Gonzalo Velasco

Abstract: Predators that consume larger prey acquire a greater net return of energy per individual, even though they are less abundant. The objective of this work is to analyze the feeding biology of Pogonias cromis in southern Brazil, in order to test for the occurrence of ontogenetic changes in diet as fish reach larger sizes, by consuming larger prey as they grow. Between August 2014 and May 2016, 347 specimens were collected from catches of the fishing fleet that operate in the Patos lagoon estuary and in the adjacent marine area of Cassino beach, that use artisanal fishing gillnets. The prey-specific relative importance index, food overlap, niche breadth and prey length preference were calculated for three length classes, class 1 (27.8–48.73 cm), class 2 (48.73–69.66 cm) and class 3 (69.66–90.60 cm). A total of 13 food items (6 species of crustaceans, 5 species of mollusks, fish fragments and non-animal fragments) were identified, where two species of mollusks (Heleobia australis and Erodona mactroides) represented 90.49% of the diet. The overlap index was moderate between classes 1 and 2, high between 2 and 3 and moderate between 1 and 3. There was a low niche breadth at the population level and for each length class. There were no significant differences in the length of prey consumed among classes. The data obtained here indicates that P. cromis can be classified as a predator specialized in mollusks, with low tendency to ontogenetic changes in southern Brazil. Considering information from the population of P. cromis from Argentina, it can be inferred that the species in the waters of southern South America is a benthic predator adapted to local conditions.

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Short Communication Thu, 28 Nov 2019 08:43:59 +0200
Alimentação de Auchenipterichthys punctatus (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) em lagos do rio Cuiuni, Amazonas, Brasil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/47917/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(4): 399-409

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e47917

Authors: Eletuza Uchôa Farias, Jamerson Aguiar Santos, Sara de Castro Loebens, Hélio Daniel Beltrão, Carlos Edwar de Carvalho Freitas, Kedma Cristine Yamamoto

Abstract: Auchenipterichthys punctatus é uma espécie de peixe muito abundante durante o período de águas baixas no rio Cuiuni, sendo objetivo deste estudo investigar a alimentação de A. punctatus em lagos desse rio. O conteúdo estomacal, o grau de repleção, índice alimentar (IAi), itens preferenciais e amplitude de nicho trófico (BA) de 130 indivíduos foram analisados. Os resultados demonstram que 26,9% dos indivíduos apresentam estômagos com grau de enchimento baixo, 23,0% moderado, 13,0% semicheio e 10,7% completamente cheio. Foi possível identificar três categorias de conteúdo quanto à origem: animal, vegetal e material não identificado. Os itens de maior consumo e diversidade estão dentro da categoria animal, representados por diferentes ordens de insetos de origem autóctone e alóctone. De acordo com os dados da dieta, a composição alimentar de A. punctatus durante o período da seca nos lagos do rio Cuiuni evidencia o hábito carnívoro com tendência à insetivoria. Os valores de amplitude de nicho trófico foram considerados baixos em todos os lagos. A atividade alimentar evidenciou que durante o período da seca houve restrição devido ao alto consumo de um único item. Ressaltamos a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a espécie, além de outros auchenipterídeos, envolvendo a ecologia trófica durante todas as fases do pulso de inundação em lagos de água preta na Amazônia para completar as lacunas existentes sobre sua ecologia.

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Research Article Tue, 26 Nov 2019 08:43:49 +0200
Alternatives for the biomonitoring of fish and phytoplankton in tropical streams https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/38088/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(4): 361-380

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e38088

Authors: Hugo de Oliveira Barbosa, Karine Borges Machado, Maisa Carvalho Vieira, Hasley Rodrigo Pereira, Leonardo Fernandes Gomes, João Carlos Nabout, Fabrício Barreto Teresa, Ludgero Cardoso Galli Vieira

Abstract: Biomonitoring programs need to balance accurate responses in assessments of changes in biological communities with sampling that is fast and low cost. In this study, we evaluated the concordance among fish and phytoplankton communities of streams. We tested the cross-taxa surrogacy, taxonomic, numerical resolution and ecological substitute group (habitat use and trophic guilds) resolution with Procrustes analyses aim of simplifying the biomonitoring process. We collect a total fish abundance of 8,461 individuals, represented by the ecological classes of habitat, including benthic, nektonic, nektobenthic, marginal and trophic guilds by detritivore, terrestrial invertivore, aquatic invertivore, piscivore, algivore and herbivore. We sampled a phytoplankton total density of 1,466.68 individuals/ml, represented by four Morphology-Based Functional Groups and nine Reynolds Functional Groups. Our results don’t support the use of substitute groups among fish and phytoplankton. For fish, habitat use and trophic guild are good surrogates for species-level data. Additionally, our results don’t support the use of functional groups as surrogates for phytoplankton. We suggest the use of higher taxonomic levels (genus and family) and record only the occurrence of species and/or genus for fish and phytoplankton. Our findings contribute to decreasing the costs and time of biomonitoring programs assessments and/or conservation plans on fish and phytoplankton communities of headwater streams.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Nov 2019 10:28:09 +0200
An inconvenient routine: introduction, establishment and spread of new non-native fishes in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/38058/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(3): 329-338

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e38058

Authors: André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães, Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes Brito, Boutros Sarrouh

Abstract: This study updates the introduction of non-native fishes Nannostomus beckfordi, Aphyocharax anisitsi, Knodus moenkhausii, Moenkhausia costae, Ancistrus multispinis and Astronotus ocellatus in the largest ornamental aquaculture center located in Paraíba do Sul River basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There is evidence that all species are established and that some are spreading to a reservoir in the region. Management actions such as awareness campaigns to educate fish farmers and the inspection of fish farms carried out by IBAMA officials are suggested to avoid new introductions and spread.

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Short Communication Wed, 9 Oct 2019 11:08:31 +0300
Invasion alert: new record of the exotic Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 in the Puna Austral region, Northwestern of Argentina https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/36535/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 291-295

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e36535

Authors: Julieta Andreoli Bize, Luis Fernández

Abstract: We report the first record of Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 at elevations above 1,615 m in the Puna Austral, Provincia Catamarca, Argentina. This fish was introduced by intentional release. The Puna is characterized by an endorheic system, where the exotic species would cause a negative impact on the aquatic fauna by predation of eggs and larvae of native fish. Unfortunately, Argentinian conservation policies are directed to protect exotic fish before endemic ichthyofauna.

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Short Communication Fri, 9 Aug 2019 10:11:06 +0300
Malformation in three anuran species from a preserved remnant of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/37919/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 213-220

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e37919

Authors: Alexander Tamanini Mônico, Thiago Silva-Soares, Esteban Diego Koch

Abstract: Records of malformation in amphibians have significantly increased on a global scale. The main causes of malformations are linked to environmental contaminants, and records in preserved environments are uncommon. We reported malformations in three anuran species belonging to three families: Crossodactylus timbuhy (Hylodidae), Proceratophrys schirchi (Odontophrynidae) and Thoropa miliaris (Cycloramphidae). All records were found within the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, a well-preserved protected remnant of Atlantic rainforest located in the mountains of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The malformations detected were hemimelia (long bone shortened) with ectrodactyly (digit absent) and brachydactyly (digit shortened) in C. timbuhy, microphtalmia (small eye) in P. schirchi and ectrodactyly in T. miliaris. Further studies are recommended to enable a better understanding about the incidence and causes of malformations within preserved areas.

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Short Communication Mon, 22 Jul 2019 08:53:41 +0300
Diversity and space-time dynamics of fish assemblages in a coastal lagoon, western Atlantic https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/37667/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 221-239

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e37667

Authors: André Pereira Cattani, Gisela Costa Ribeiro, Olímpio Rafael Cardoso, Maíra Gnoatto Afonso, Maurício Hostim-Silva, Helen Audrey Pichler, Henry Louis Spach

Abstract: The knowledge of the temporal and spatial dynamics in the composition of fish fauna makes it possible to identify patterns of occupation of ecosystems, providing a basis for evaluation and preservation of the local biodiversity. Monthly samplings were carried out at seven sites in a coastal lagoon, using a casting net, dip net and beach seine. A total of 4,110 individuals were collected, distributed in 23 families and 49 taxa of fish, with a predominance of Mugil liza, M. curema, Atherinella brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri and Eucinostomus argenteus, corresponding to more than 80% total weight of all individuals caught. Regarding seasonality, greater abundances were recorded in fall, influenced by the high abundance of A. brasiliensis in this period. In addition to fall, this species was also abundant in summer. However, this pattern of dominance was different for the families Mugilidae and Gerreidae, with higher abundances in spring and summer, respectively. The highest abundances were found in the southern section of the lagoon, which are related to the high abundance of A. brasiliensis, M. liza and M. curema. In relation to the indices of average taxonomic distinctness and variation in the taxonomic distinctness, no significant differences were detected between the seasons of the year. Thus, the patterns of distribution and occurrence of fish in the lagoon were consistent with the patterns observed in Brazilian coastal lagoons and estuaries, as well as to the coastal shallow areas of the southeastern and southern regions.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jul 2019 08:52:53 +0300
Reproductive biology of the mutton hamlet on the coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/37601/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 157-168

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e37601

Authors: Maria Ester Ribeiro Simoni, Edson Bortoletto Garciov Filho, Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Mariana Gomes do Rêgo, Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin, Paulo Travassos

Abstract: This paper focuses on the reproductive biology of the Mutton Hamlet, Alphestes afer, a fish belonging to the family Epinephelidae, and aims to provide information on the main reproductive parameters of the species on the north coast of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. From a total of 783 individuals, collected between March 2007 and June 2010, and from February to November 2014, the gonads of 322 fishes (235 females and 87 males) were analyzed, for the identification of sex and maturational stages. Females were more abundant and larger than males, with a sex ratio of 2.4 females: 1 male, during the reproduction season. The size at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 16.8 cm total length for females, and 16.2 cm for males. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated that a reproductive cycle occurs all year round, while reproduction takes place from June to November. The fecundity of Alphestes afer ranged from 105,317 to 270,192 oocytes, averaging 173,458 oocytes. The females are more abundant than males due to the process of protogyny and also because individuals are regularly captured at growth stages above the L50, being a positive aspect for the sustainability of the fishery. According to the GSI, the species presents a split-type spawning with two peaks occurring throughout the year.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Jul 2019 16:06:34 +0300
Effect of sand granulometry on the egg hatchling success of the sea turtle Caretta caretta https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/34836/ Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(1): 43-54

DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e34836

Authors: Maria Fernanda Tacchi, Fernanda Peres Quirino, Diego Júnior Martins Ferreira, Lílian Gomes Afonso, Federico Tognin, Daniel Negreiros

Abstract: The environmental characteristics of nesting sites of sea turtles may directly interfere with the egg hatchling success. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the factors that affect the success of hatchling in the nests of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Data from 37 nests of C. caretta from the coast of Mata de São João, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, were obtained from TAMAR, Sauípe station. Samples of sand were collected in each nest to determine the granulometry. A significant negative relationship was found between the stillborn rate and the fine sand ratio (r2 = 0.119; p = 0.036), indicating that a larger fraction of fine sand had a positive effect on nest hatchling success. The egg laying date also had a significant influence on the rate of stillbirths (r2 = 0.163; p = 0.013), with a trend towards a higher stillbirth rate, the later the laying date of the eggs. There is indication that the transfer of eggs to sites with more favorable characteristics may be considered as a potential alternative to increase the hatchling success rate of C. caretta eggs.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Apr 2019 14:30:00 +0300