Conceptual model of the geographical spread of Nannostomus beckfordi, Knodus moenkhausii, Moenkhausia costae and Ancistrus multispinis in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (does not include Aphyocharax anisitsi and Astronotus ocellatus). The source of release is represented by the black circle (i.e., aquaculture pond), and each circle represents the site (e.g., fish farm, creek, reservoir) and distance (i.e., km) across which N. beckfordi, K. moenkhausii, M. costae and A. multispinis spreads during a period of time (T) (i.e., 2015) (Modified from Lockwood et al. 2007).